Summary Chart of Curriculum Approaches

Orientation	Transmission atomistic	Transaction scientific method	Transformation interdependent
Aims & Objectives	~Behavioural ~Content Oriented ~ Competency is outcome-based ~Cultural transmission from teacher to student	~ Complex Intellectual Skills ~ Developmental ~Thinking skills ~Democratic Citizenship ~Dialogue between student & teacher	~ Integrated Objectives ~Connections ~Interactive flow of information and ideas between student and facilitator
Content	~Knowledge viewed atomistically as "objective" ~Content should reinforce traditional values ~Cultural Transmission	~Knowledge is related to mental processes and cognitive frameworks ~Social content focuses on public policy questions ~Thinking skills	~Personal knowledge is as important as public knowledge ~Social content stresses identification and resolution of pressing social concerns. ~Project-oriented, purposeful
Teaching Strategies	~Structured teaching approaches ~Transmission of facts & values	~Focus on problem solving and analysis ~Teaching strategies are matched to student developmental frameworks	~Focus on connecting inner life of student to outer worlds ~Divergent thinking is encouraged
Organisation	~Subject-centered ~Hierarchical	~Problem-centered ~Developmental	~Learner-centred ~Project-centered ~Integrative ~Constructivist ~ Holistic
Philosophical: Psychological: Economical orientation:	Analytic Behavioural laissez-faire	Pragmatism Cognitive Liberalism	Personal Humanistic/Transpersonal Small is Beautiful
Resources	Textbooks	Variety of Resources	Human Resources Emphasised
Evaluation Strategies	Accountability through tests	Focus on how teaching methodologies affect cognitive processes	Focus on how the program affects theWhole Child